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To restore a marble bust, we begin with historical research:<\/p>\n
Caesar Augustus (23 September 63 BC \u2013 19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Empire<\/a> and its first Emperor. He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate<\/a> to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at Philippi<\/a>, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic<\/a> among themselves and ruled as military dictators<\/a>.[note 4]<\/a> The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its members.<\/p>\n After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate<\/a>, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune<\/a> and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis<\/em><\/a> (\u201cFirst Citizen of the State\u201d). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate<\/a>, the first phase of the Roman Empire. Augustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia; expanding possessions in Africa; expanding into Germania; and completing the conquest of Hispania.<\/p>\n